Valvular heart disease
Valvular heart disease affects valve flow, regurgitation, pressure gradients, annular and root anatomy, and downstream chamber remodeling. CardiacNexus primarily supports aortic and selected atrioventricular valve context through LVOT, phase-contrast flow, and chamber-remodeling phenotypes.
- Modality
- LVOT cine, phase-contrast flow, cine chambers
- Pipeline step
- Clinical interpretation
- Outputs
- Aortic-root, valve-flow, chamber, and atrial remodeling phenotypes
- Maturity
- Clinician review draft
What clinicians look for
For aortic valve disease, readers usually inspect aortic-root dimensions, LVOT geometry, peak velocity, mean gradient, regurgitant fraction, valve area, LV mass, LV volumes, EF, and LA remodeling. For mitral and tricuspid context, chamber and atrial remodeling patterns are often more available than direct valve morphology in this pipeline [1].
Relevant CardiacNexus phenotypes
| Phenotype page | Measurements to inspect | Interpretation role |
|---|---|---|
| Valvular and flow phenotypes | Annulus/root diameters, velocity, gradient, RF, AVA | Primary valve-flow context |
| Ventricular structure | EDV, ESV, sphericity | Volume loading and remodeling |
| Ventricular function | EF, SV, CO | Pump consequence of valve disease |
| Myocardial mass and wall thickness | LV mass, wall thickness | Pressure-load remodeling |
| Atrial structure | LA/RA volume and dimensions | Chronic filling and regurgitation context |
Interpretation patterns
Aortic stenosis interpretation often combines velocity or gradient with LV hypertrophy, EF, strain, and T1 context. Aortic regurgitation interpretation often combines regurgitant fraction with LV dilation, stroke volume, and aortic-root dimensions [2].
Limitations
CardiacNexus values are not a complete valve report. Plane placement, dynamic valve motion, aliasing, phase-offset correction, and segmentation of the flow plane can affect phase-contrast outputs.
Source audit
- Draft primer checked against promoted valvular/flow, LVOT modality, phase-contrast modality, ventricular, myocardial mass, and atrial pages.
- Valve-disease wording is limited to interpretation context; CardiacNexus does not emit a complete valve report, guideline severity class, or management recommendation.
docs/data/reference_sources.ymlexists and is the current registry for LVOT, phase-contrast, valvular-flow, and guideline-context sources.- Textbook context boundary: broad Braunwald/Hurst valve-disease background was treated only as clinical context; dedicated phase-contrast and valve references are sufficient for draft rollout.
- Textbook route checked: Braunwald Valvular Heart Disease, printed pages 58-129. It is used only as broad clinical context; severity classes and management recommendations are not surfaced as CardiacNexus outputs.
References
- Nayak KS, Nielsen JF, Bernstein MA, Markl M, Gatehouse PD, Botnar RM, Saloner D, Lorenz C, Wen H, Hu BS, Epstein FH, Oshinski JN, Raman SV. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Phase Contrast Imaging. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. 2015;17(1):71.
- Baumgartner H, Falk V, Bax JJ, De Bonis M, Hamm C, Holm PJ, Iung B, Lancellotti P, Lansac E, Rodriguez Munoz D, Rosenhek R, Sjogren J, Tornos Mas P, Vahanian A, Walther T, Wendler O, Windecker S, Zamorano JL, ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the Management of Valvular Heart Disease. European Heart Journal. 2017;38(36):2739-2791.
- Kany S, Ramo JT, Hou C, Jurgens SJ, Nauffal V, Cunningham J, Lau ES, Butte AJ, Ho JE, Olgin JE, Elmariah S, Lindsay ME, Ellinor PT, Pirruccello JP. Assessment of Valvular Function in over 47,000 People Using Deep Learning-Based Flow Measurements. Cardiovascular Medicine preprint. 2023.